The Romance Languages Comparison

Comparisons among the languages

The following table lists a number of words of Latin origin, along with their inherited Romance cognates. Both the Late (Vulgar) Latin and the earlier Classical Latin variants are given in order to show the changes even within Latin itself.

The chart will examine the development of the Latin words for beautiful, sun, to be, to have, man, body, heart, father, to hope, moon, hour, night, to know, to want, sky, son, I, well, day, ten, year, fact, good, is, life, and.

Clsc. Latin
Late Latin
Spanish
Portuguese
French
Occitan
Catalan
Italian
Sardinian
Romanian

(pulcher)
bellu[m]*
bello
belo
beau
bèu
bel
bello
bellu
/ (1)

solis
sole[m]*
sol
sol
soleil
sol
sol
sole
sole
soare

esse
essere
/ (2)
/ (2)
être
èsser
ésser
essere
éssere
/ (2)

habere
habere
haber
haver
avoir
aver
haver
avere
áere
avea

homo
homine[m]
hombre
homem
homme
òme
home
uomo
omine
om

corpus
corpus
cuerpo
corpo
corps
corps
corps
corpo
korpus
corp

cor
core[m]
/ (3)
/ (3)
coeur
cor
cor
cuore
koru
/ (3)

pater
patre[m]
padre
pai
père
paire
pare
padre
pade
/(4)

sperare
sperare
esperar
esperar
espérer
esperar
esperar
sperare
isperare
spera

luna
luna[m]
luna
lua
lune
luna
lluna
luna
luna
lunã

hora
hora[m]
hora
hora
heure
hora
hora
ora
ora
orã

nox
nocte[m]
noche
noite, noute
nuit
nuòch
nit
notte
note
noapte

scire (5)
sapere
saber
saber
savoir
saver
saber
sapere
/(5)
/(5)

verre
volere
/(6)
/(6)
vouloir
voler
voler
volere
/(6)
vrea

caelum
celu[m]
cielo
céu
ciel
cel
cel
cielo
kelu
cer

filius
filiu[m]
hijo
filho
fils
filh
fill
figlio
fidzu
fiu

ego
ego
yo
eu
je
ieu
jo
io
jeo, dego
eu

bene
bene
bien
bem
bien
ben
bé
bene
bene
bine

dies
die[m]
día
dia
/(7)
/(7)
dia
/(7)
die
zi

decem
dece[m]
diez
dez
dix
dètz
deu
dieci
deke
zece

annus
annu[m]
año
ano
an
an
any
anno
annu
an

factum
factu[m]
hecho
feito
fait
fach
fet
fatto
fatu
fapt

bonus
bonu[m]
bueno
bom
bon
bon
bon
buono
bonu
bun

est
est
es
é
est
es
és
è
est
este

vita
vita[m]
vida
vida
vie
vida
vida
vita
bida
viat¸ã

et
et
y
e
et
e
i
e
e
/(8)


* The Late Latin word given may not differ from the form given in the Classical Latin column (the nominative solis always had an accusative solem), however, because the accusative is the origin of the Romance noun, it is supplied in the Late Latin column. Although the Classical Latin word meaning "beautiful" was pulcher, that term was eventually replaced by the late-developed bellus < *bonellus "beautiful little ___" (whose accusative was bellum or bellu). Final -m deletion and its reprocussions are discussed in the Vulgar Latin section.

(1) The Romanian word for "beautiful" is frumos, from Latin formo(n)sus "shapely".

(2) Although the conjugations of the Spanish and Portuguese "to be" are derived from esse, their infinitive ser is taken from the Latin verb sedere "to sit". The Romanian (a) fi is also inherited from Latin.

(3) The Spanish corazón and Portuguese coração come from L. coratione[m], the source of French and English courage. Romanian formed inimã "heart" from the Latin anima[m] "soul".

(4) Romanian has tatã through Slavic influence.

(5) Sardinian and Romanian take their verbs from the original Latin scire, giving Sard. iskire and Rom. (a) s¸ti. Sapere originally meant "to be wise".

(6) Spanish, Portuguese, and Sardinian all take quaerere "to inquire" as the verb meaning "to want", giving Sp. and Port. querer and Sard. kérrere.

(7) In French, Occitan, and Italian, the noun "day" has its roots in the adjective diurnu[m] "daily". This gave Fr. jour, Occ. jurn, and It. giorno.

(8) The Romanian word s¸i "and" is derived from Latin, but is not related to et.

cited and retrieved from
http://www.geocities.com/email_theguy/rexample.htm

other interesting places;

http://orbilat.com/Linguistics_Comparative/Function_Words/Origin_of_the_Prepositions.html

And

http://orbilat.com/Linguistics_Comparative/Function_Words/Origin_of_the_Pronouns.html

Nicely cited, I've noticed via here: that Romanian and French are similar in vocabulary and words are similar. While Sardinian/Italian/Spanish/Late latin and classical latin are closely alike. And Catalan and Portuguese are Alike.

Notice to people that

(4) Romanian has tatã through Slavic influence, to signify "pater-padre"

(1) The Romanian word for "beautiful" is frumos,
from Latin formo(n)sus "shapely".

Which Portuguese retains this word conversatively, Formoso.

5) Sardinian and Romanian take their verbs from the original Latin scire, giving Sard."iskire" and Rom."(a) s¸ti". Sapere originally meant "to be wise". Sardinian perserved the word rather more then Romanian.

8) The Romanian word -s¸i- to mean "and" is derived from Latin, but is not related to "et".

Romanian in a strange way looks more evolved then french; Maybe the syntax is further evolved. But phonology is of that of Italian, and syntax is of that of French's further evolve tongue. Also Romanian holds little similarities with Sardinian and well Classical latin, frankly doesn't LOOK like it came from classical nor vulgar.

7) In French, Occitan, and Italian, the noun "day" has its roots in the adjective diurnu[m] "daily". This gave Fr. jour, Occ. jurn, and It. giorno


nous avons aussi "journée" en français, une belle journée, bonne journée


nous aussi "bel" en français, un bel homme.


Coprs, nous avons aussi "corpus", un corpus ou un corps de scientifiques.


esperar (espagnol) et espérer (français) n'ont pas la même signification.

Pour bien, nous avons aussi "bon"

pour ciel nous avons aussi "cieux"


pour "an" nous avons aussi "année"

...

Bref, tes connaissances sont limitées

Spanish and French meaning are evidently alike. Take a look

esperar (spanish)

1. transitive verb (tener esperanza de) hope for; expect (de of); (estar en espera de) await, wait for;

2. intransitive verb (tener esperanza) hope; (estar en espera) wait; (permanecer) stay; esperar que indicative hope that; esperar que subjunctive expect that; esperar (a) que subjunctive wait until.

espérer (French)

transitive verb hope for; espérer que hope that; je l'espère, j'espère I hope so; intransitive verb trust (in, en).

JGreco was just refering to the common words "used" in French. Respectively.

Nicely cited, I've noticed via here: that Romanian and French are similar in vocabulary and words are similar. While Sardinian/Italian/Spanish/Late latin and classical latin are closely alike. And Catalan and Portuguese are Alike.

Notice to people that

(4) Romanian has tatã through Slavic influence, to signify "pater-padre"

(1) The Romanian word for "beautiful" is frumos,
from Latin formo(n)sus "shapely".

Which Portuguese retains this word conversatively, Formoso.

5) Sardinian and Romanian take their verbs from the original Latin scire, giving Sard."iskire" and Rom."(a) s¸ti". Sapere originally meant "to be wise". Sardinian perserved the word rather more then Romanian.

8) The Romanian word -s¸i- to mean "and" is derived from Latin, but is not related to "et".

Romanian in a strange way looks more evolved then french; Maybe the syntax is further evolved. But phonology is of that of Italian, and syntax is of that of French's further evolve tongue. Also Romanian holds little similarities with Sardinian and well Classical latin, frankly doesn't LOOK like it came from classical nor vulgar.

--------->>>

I agree with this.

--->Romanian in a strange way looks more evolved then french; Maybe the syntax is further evolved. But phonology is of that of Italian, and syntax is of that of French's further evolve tongue. Also Romanian holds little similarities with Sardinian and well Classical latin, frankly doesn't LOOK like it came from classical nor vulgar.

I disagree with this.
Romanian syntax derives from classical latin and remains the closest to classical latin out of the other romance languages. It more than LOOK's like it has similarities to classical and vulgar latin.

Conoce alguien algun sitio en Internet que ofrezca lecciones faciles y gratuitas de Latin en Español para principiantes ? He buscado por doquier sin ningun resultado satisfactorio. Casi todas se enfrazcan en conceptos gramaticales muy complejos y no explican en una forma sencilla. Creo que me ha picado el gusanillo del lenguage y siento mucha curiosidad por conocer el Latin. Gracias por cualquier ayuda.

Octavian : « Romanian syntax derives from classical latin and remains the closest to classical latin out of the other romance languages. »

Peux-tu démontrer ce que tu affirmes ?

Brennus; maybe your right.

But, Tata is not evolved from "PATER" (classical latin)

Italian & spanish; padre
Vulgar latin; Patre(m)
Portuguese; Pai
Classical Latin; pater
Romanian; Tata

En polonais <tata> veut dire 'papa' tandis qu'en français <tata> est une forme familière pour <tante> comme <tonton> l'est pour <oncle>.

What are you all mumbling about Romanian <tata> from the greek< tetta>

Look at this example: FRATER (Lat) Brother !

English-----------Brother

Latin-------------Frater
Romanian--------Frate

Italian------------FratellO (are you surprised ? don't be ! )
French----------- Frère
Spanish----------HermanO (Looks like Herman Smith - germanic name)
Portuguese------ Irmão ( No thank you !)

Why are you FRATERnizing with the trols ?

By the way, this thread title “The Romance Languages Comparison” doesn’t boycott any Romance language, like some other insulting ones …

Message to Sorin: The word frate is as commonly used in Italian, as is the word fratello. And, by the way, you "Romanians" should stop stealing words from the Italian language, I'm sick and tired of it!

The word for friend in Italian is AMICO, a direct descendant of the Latin AMICUS. The word for friend in "Ro(u)manian" is PRIETEN , a Slavic word. That's the sad fact about "Romanian". It is a PRIETEN-DER language. So what about the frequent word endings in in o in Italian, Spanish, and Portuguese? What about the frequent, and annoying overuse of the letter U in"RoGypsymanian"? What about all those annoying "Romanian" surnames that end in the suffix -escu? Very annoying to me. If Italian, Spanish, and Portuguese are Bimbo languages. Then "Romanian" qualifies as a ZULU language. Ha capito Sorinescu? Testa di merda! "Romanian" PRIETENds to be a true Romance language, when it really ain't. Oh, "La revedere" is the same as "arrivederla". Coincidence? I think not! "Ceau" meaning the same thing as "Ciao"? Another copyrite infringement! Quit copying Italian gymnast boy! Copying ain't cool! Be ORIGINAL!

JGreco: A few notes on your Occitan cognates --

<bèu>

bèu (Provençal), bèl (Languedocien), bèth (Gascon)

<sol>

I've never encountered « sol » in Occitan, but solelh (Lang), solèu (Prov), and sorelh (Gasc)

<èsser>

...or èstre

<hora>

ora. Initial 'h' does not exist in Occitan, except in Gascon words that evolved from intial 'f' (filh - hilh, femna - hemna)

<nuòch>

...or nuèch or nuèit (all 3 variants are found in Languedocien)

<saver>

saber

<cel>

cèl or cèu

<filh>

filh (Lang), fìu (Prov), hilh (Gasc)

<ieu>

ieu (Lang), you or io (Prov), jo (Gasc)

<ben>

be (Prov)

<fach>

...or fait, or hèit (Gasc)

<This gave Fr. jour, Occ. jurn, and It. giorno.>

it's « jorn »

<<The following table lists a number of words of Latin origin, along with their inherited Romance cognates. Both the Late (Vulgar) Latin and the earlier Classical Latin variants are given in order to show the changes even within Latin itself.>>

You have to “give to Cesar what is from Cesar”, in this case, compare Latin and Celt and you will notice the resemblance (ok they are indo-european). Notice the word “night” in Celt and the change of the word from Clsc. Latin to Late Latin.

Beautifull
Proto-Celt –(bright) *belo-, beleno- (?)

(pulcher)
bellu[m]*
bello
belo
beau
bèu
bel
bello
bellu
/ (1)


Sun
Proto-Celt *sāwel-, sūl-(i-)

solis
sole[m]*
sol
sol
soleil
sol
sol
sole
sole
soare


Father
Proto-Celt *tato- (*tata?)
Proto-Celt *φatīr

pater
patre[m]
padre
pai
père
paire
pare
padre
pade
/(4)



Moon
Proto-Celt *lug-rā

luna
luna[m]
luna
lua
lune
luna
lluna
luna
luna
lunã


Night
Proto-Celt *nokʷ-, *noxto-

nox
nocte[m]
noche
noite, noute
nuit
nuòch
nit
notte
note
noapte



Day
Proto-Celt *diwo-

dies
die[m]
día
dia
/(7)
/(7)
dia
/(7)
die
zi



Year,
Proto-Celt *bl(e)id-anī- (?)

annus
annu[m]
año
ano
an
an
any
anno
annu
an

Good (*luck-bringing?)
Proto-Celt *bawano- (?)

bonus
bonu[m]
bueno
bom
bon
bon
bon
buono
bonu
bun

Is, (be, stay)
Proto-Celt (*wes-)

est
est
es
é
est
es
és
è
est
este