Are there any phonemes which are inhaled rather than exhaled?
inhaling phonemes
Do you mean something like how Italian "ti" and English "tea" are different? I think that the "t" part is not aspirated in Italian and someone may tell you that it is like inhaling so that you don't give a puff of air like you would do with the "t" in "tea"-my answer, but let's hear from a linguist, please.
There is a category of ingressive sounds ( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velaric_ingressive ), and more specifically, of implosive consonants ( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Implosive_consonant ). I've read that Swahili, for example, has implosives.