Countries Which Have More Than Two Official Languages!!

Native Korean   Tue May 01, 2007 3:56 am GMT
There are many countries that have more than two official languages;
such as Switzerland, South Africa, Singapore and etc...

In those countries, how is one's first language(mother tongue) decided??

Is it decided by the region where the person is born??
Or is it decided by the language which the person's parents use??
furrykef   Tue May 01, 2007 7:00 am GMT
I'd say that, generally, the child will learn both the language the parents use and that most local people use. If they're the same language, the child will just acquire that language; if they're different languages, the child will acquire both and be a bilingual child. But, of course, general rules always have exceptions... and I really have no idea how good a rule that is.

- Kef
sino   Tue May 01, 2007 7:18 am GMT
As I know, political balance is taken into consideration.

Take singapore as an example, 3/4 singaporean are Chinese, but Singapore government chose Malay as its first national language because Singapore is surrounded by countries dominanted by malay.
By this balance, Singapore show Malaysia and Indonysia its respect for their language - Malay.

However, in daily life, Chinese is more widely used than Malay.
Pauline   Tue May 01, 2007 11:15 am GMT
In Belgium there's 3 official languages: french, ducth (flemish) and german.

In Wallonia french is spoken, in Flanders they speak dutch and in the East Cantons the langauge is german. This is regionally divided. There's one bilingual region: Brussels Capital. It's french-speaking but official it's bilingual french/dutch.

The most of walloons can't speak dutch or german except little bit, or if they live nearby Flanders probably they can speak well dutch. For get a good job it's important to speak both.

English is sometimes the language of communication between walloons and flemish, also because it's neutral in the animosity between the regions.

Flemish can speak very well english and often french as well. The East Canton german-speakers learn english and french in their schools.
Kendra   Tue May 01, 2007 4:54 pm GMT
Canada has two official languages (French and English).
Virtually everyone speaks English (even in Southern Quebec, and Montreal is, de facto, a bilingual city).
The only bilingual (de jure) province is New Brunswick.

So, it's like in Belgium (Belgium is bilingual but virtually everyone speaks French, Flemish people seem to speak it very well, it's just like English in Montreal)
Manolo   Tue May 01, 2007 5:03 pm GMT
In Spain there are 4 official languages. Castilian (known as Spanish all over the world) is the official language of the state.

Then we have autonomous bilingual regions, which mean that everybody has to learn both Castilian (Spanish) and the region's co-official language.

* Catalan is co-official in three autonomous regions: Catalonia, Valencian Community (where the local Catalan variety is known as Valencian) and the Balearic Islands. There are two official language academies in Catalonia and Valencian, which admit the unity of the language, which has the same grammar and spelling conventions. Catalan is also spoken in small parts of Aragon and Murcia.

* Basque is co-official in the Basque Country and partly in Navarre.

* Galician, very close to Portuguese, is official in Galicia and is spoken in a small part of Asturias.

There are other small areas in Spain where Occitan, Portuguese or even Arabic (Ceuta and Melilla in northern Africa) are spoken.

40% of the Spanish population lives in bilingual areas and everybody is fluent in Spanish. Catalan, for example, is spoken by almost 80% of the population in the Catalan-speaking territories.



* Galician is co-official
Andrew   Tue May 01, 2007 7:42 pm GMT
The US does not have any "official" languages , but English is de facto , even if people in this country don't speak it at home , people still need to learn it since so many people here speak English !

In the US, the most spoken languages are :

English
Spanish
French (not including creole and cajun French)
Chinese
Josh Lalonde   Tue May 01, 2007 8:16 pm GMT
<<Canada has two official languages (French and English).
Virtually everyone speaks English (even in Southern Quebec, and Montreal is, de facto, a bilingual city).
The only bilingual (de jure) province is New Brunswick.>>

Actually, Quebec outside of Montreal is largely monolingual. There are a few traditionally English-speaking regions, like Pontiac and the Eastern Townships, but even there French use is increasing.
Native Korean   Wed May 02, 2007 11:46 am GMT
Hmmm... so it depends mostly on region where the person grows up.

What about countries like Russia and former Soviet Union countries?
There are still many Russians live in former Soviet Union and what language do they speak?

Also, countries like India and South Africa or Switzerland??
Prekrasnaya   Wed May 02, 2007 11:59 am GMT
In Belarus, virtually everyone in Minsk speak Russian and Belorussian. We, the people in Minsk, speak both of the languages very well and understand Ukrainian almost to %92-93. But in the other cities, people generally use Russian. In the east of Belarus, Russian is dominant while in the west of Belarus the language is generally one of the three, Russian, Belorussian and Polish.
Grantsik   Thu May 03, 2007 11:20 am GMT
I agree with Prekrasnaya. I'm from the west of Belarus and we frequently hear Polish sentences everywhere. But we both speak Russian and Belorussian, but we neither understand nor speak Polish. We understand Polish to 30%...
superdavid   Fri May 04, 2007 12:17 am GMT
<In Belarus, virtually everyone in Minsk speak Russian and Belorussian. We, the people in Minsk, speak both of the languages very well>

Aren't Belarussian and Russian language almost the same?
I heard they are mutually intelligible.
I would say a person who speaks those two languages doesn't mean he is bilingual.
('cause two languages are so similar =p)

What about the countries like Estonia, Latvia or Lithuania?
Prekrasnaya   Fri May 04, 2007 3:07 am GMT
No, it can't be said for Belorussian people. Because we learn the two language at the same time. It's not like while someone is speaking Russian, the Belorussian speaking person understand this. But it is the way all Belorussian people speak both of the languages correctly at grammar. Yes they are mutual intelligible, but while someone is speaking Russian to me, I use Russian to him.But while someone is speaking Belorussian to me, I use Belorussian, got it?
Lala   Mon May 07, 2007 12:06 pm GMT
In South Africa there are 11 official languages which makes it impossible to learn all of them fluently. What is done is that each school will decide which language will be chosen as the primary language for the subjects eg Maths, Physics etc and then the languages of the region are chosen. The remainder are learnt by the incitiative of the individual. Also many other languages are used as secondary languages which are offically accepted but are not official. Thus at home the language taught by the parents may or may not be on the specific school.
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