Cloning is the process of creating an identical copy of something.
Cloning a cell means to derive a population of cells from a single cell. A
clone shares all the genetic characteristics of the original cell. However,
we must differentiate between the scientific definition and the definition of
the general public
In fact, when we talk about cloning in the general public, they immediately
think about the technique is to create an individual with the help of stem
cells. While scientists speak of clones from the moment two cells have the
same genetic heritage. They distinguish between clone "in vivo" when it comes
to individuals and clones "ex vivo" when it is simply cells.
Thus according to the scientific definition, contrary to what we may think,
cloning is something that has existed for a long time and is widely practiced
in nature. Indeed, for example in humans, the cells renew themselves by
multiplying at the same: it’s the mitosis.
After fertilization, we can also observe the phenomenon of cloning:
Initially there is a cell that makes mitoses then each cell specializes in a
spot to give cells in the heart, brain, eyes… Cloning is a completely natural
phenomenon.
As for manipulation by human cloning, contrary to popular belief, it is also
long overdue. Indeed, first in plants, cloning results in the plant cuttings:
in taking a rod and the replanting creates a new plant, which have exactly
the same genetic inheritance, it is a clone.
Dolly, a female sheep was the first mammal to be cloned from an adult
somatic cell, using the process of nuclear transfer.
The technique of cloning provides a solution for the survival of endangered
species. So in January 2001, on a farm in Iowa was born wild ox. Noah is the
first clone obtained from the cells of an animal in danger of extinction. It
will still required 700 eggs from cow to arrive at the result.
But is striving to repopulate the species almost extinct from a very low
genetic diversity? Will extend the feat in recreating species disappeared
completely as the Tasmanian tiger that some would like to see revived?
Cloning is another solution to treat certain diseases such as Parkinson's
disease and Alzheimer's. They may treat spinal cord sections, something that
has been practiced successfully in rats. And the risks of rejection are
virtually non-existent because the stem cells come from the individual
treaty. So thanks to cloned cells, we can cure diseases still very poorly
controlled nowadays…
Cloning is also as a solution to the sterility of a couple. Currently, the
couple use of donated gametes: The child who is born, has a genetic heritage
sometimes totally different if both spouses are sterile. Now, thanks to
cloning, it would be enough to charge cell nuclear any of the couple and the
child that would result corresponds to a combination genetic quite random and
unique.
There are many problems caused by cloning. Firstly, there are difficulties
associated with the birth and survival of clones. We found an aging faster
than normal at Dolly.
Moreover, although theoretically the cloning appears to be a simple
technique is well known, obtaining a clone is difficult. For example, Dolly
was born after 300 attempts.
Transplantation of organs and tissue from animals to humans is dangerous.
Studies show that retroviruses are believed to be at transplatation.
In addition, although cloning is establishing itself as the solution to
species extinction, it can also lead to the disappearance of a species.
Indeed, the survival of a species through the centuries is based on the
diversity of their genetic heritage: the rich heritage, allows a person to be
better armed to deal with viruses and epidemics.
Finally, it seems that all the advantages offered by cloning seem to be
totally utopian: all these notions are still largely inaccessible today.
However, although all applications are still within the realm of dreams,
those ideas are necessary for the progress of science and to guide the
research. Unfortunately, at present, there seems to be more disadvantages
than advantages to practice cloning.
In addition to these technical problems, the most important problems are the
ethical issues such as cloning a deceased child, the concept of eternal life
and of course the fear Drift…
Finally, many moral questions are raised today about the cloning. What are
the limits of cloning? And what impact can lead to the human race? All these
questions, of course, the slow development of technology and research, but
one of the essential elements of these discussions is to avoid any blunders
that could have irreversible consequences on humans. That is why all this is
necessary. Indeed, they enable scientists to be aware of the dangers and
risks they can to avoid slippage. In addition, they can also lead to better
research as required… These ethical issues no longer act as an indispensable
guide rather than a brake.
Thank for your help, if you don't understang a sentence, say it. Thank
Cloning a cell means to derive a population of cells from a single cell. A
clone shares all the genetic characteristics of the original cell. However,
we must differentiate between the scientific definition and the definition of
the general public
In fact, when we talk about cloning in the general public, they immediately
think about the technique is to create an individual with the help of stem
cells. While scientists speak of clones from the moment two cells have the
same genetic heritage. They distinguish between clone "in vivo" when it comes
to individuals and clones "ex vivo" when it is simply cells.
Thus according to the scientific definition, contrary to what we may think,
cloning is something that has existed for a long time and is widely practiced
in nature. Indeed, for example in humans, the cells renew themselves by
multiplying at the same: it’s the mitosis.
After fertilization, we can also observe the phenomenon of cloning:
Initially there is a cell that makes mitoses then each cell specializes in a
spot to give cells in the heart, brain, eyes… Cloning is a completely natural
phenomenon.
As for manipulation by human cloning, contrary to popular belief, it is also
long overdue. Indeed, first in plants, cloning results in the plant cuttings:
in taking a rod and the replanting creates a new plant, which have exactly
the same genetic inheritance, it is a clone.
Dolly, a female sheep was the first mammal to be cloned from an adult
somatic cell, using the process of nuclear transfer.
The technique of cloning provides a solution for the survival of endangered
species. So in January 2001, on a farm in Iowa was born wild ox. Noah is the
first clone obtained from the cells of an animal in danger of extinction. It
will still required 700 eggs from cow to arrive at the result.
But is striving to repopulate the species almost extinct from a very low
genetic diversity? Will extend the feat in recreating species disappeared
completely as the Tasmanian tiger that some would like to see revived?
Cloning is another solution to treat certain diseases such as Parkinson's
disease and Alzheimer's. They may treat spinal cord sections, something that
has been practiced successfully in rats. And the risks of rejection are
virtually non-existent because the stem cells come from the individual
treaty. So thanks to cloned cells, we can cure diseases still very poorly
controlled nowadays…
Cloning is also as a solution to the sterility of a couple. Currently, the
couple use of donated gametes: The child who is born, has a genetic heritage
sometimes totally different if both spouses are sterile. Now, thanks to
cloning, it would be enough to charge cell nuclear any of the couple and the
child that would result corresponds to a combination genetic quite random and
unique.
There are many problems caused by cloning. Firstly, there are difficulties
associated with the birth and survival of clones. We found an aging faster
than normal at Dolly.
Moreover, although theoretically the cloning appears to be a simple
technique is well known, obtaining a clone is difficult. For example, Dolly
was born after 300 attempts.
Transplantation of organs and tissue from animals to humans is dangerous.
Studies show that retroviruses are believed to be at transplatation.
In addition, although cloning is establishing itself as the solution to
species extinction, it can also lead to the disappearance of a species.
Indeed, the survival of a species through the centuries is based on the
diversity of their genetic heritage: the rich heritage, allows a person to be
better armed to deal with viruses and epidemics.
Finally, it seems that all the advantages offered by cloning seem to be
totally utopian: all these notions are still largely inaccessible today.
However, although all applications are still within the realm of dreams,
those ideas are necessary for the progress of science and to guide the
research. Unfortunately, at present, there seems to be more disadvantages
than advantages to practice cloning.
In addition to these technical problems, the most important problems are the
ethical issues such as cloning a deceased child, the concept of eternal life
and of course the fear Drift…
Finally, many moral questions are raised today about the cloning. What are
the limits of cloning? And what impact can lead to the human race? All these
questions, of course, the slow development of technology and research, but
one of the essential elements of these discussions is to avoid any blunders
that could have irreversible consequences on humans. That is why all this is
necessary. Indeed, they enable scientists to be aware of the dangers and
risks they can to avoid slippage. In addition, they can also lead to better
research as required… These ethical issues no longer act as an indispensable
guide rather than a brake.
Thank for your help, if you don't understang a sentence, say it. Thank