"En outre, beaucoup d'anglophones du Québec et du Canada ne parlent pas le français "
En tous cas, on s'en fout d'une langue qui n'est plus pertinent aujourd'hui.
En tous cas, on s'en fout d'une langue qui n'est plus pertinent aujourd'hui.
Vive Le Quebec libre
Mais The People's Elbow, tu n'auras aucun mal à nous donner des examples de l'extermination des Amérindiens par les Français au début ! Mais The People's Elbow, peut-être pourras-tu nous éclairer d'une comparaison avec l'extermination des Amérindiens par les Anglais au début, au milieu et à la fin !
cul cul : « En tous cas, on s'en fout d'une langue qui n'est plus pertinent aujourd'hui. »
Mdr ! Rassure-toi, elle te le rend bien !
cul cul : « En tous cas, on s'en fout d'une langue qui n'est plus pertinent aujourd'hui. »
Mdr ! Rassure-toi, elle te le rend bien !
Mais greg, tu aimes tellement rouspeter avec une grande gueule comme un je-sais-tout, d'un autre bout du monde, mais tu n'aimes pas que l'on remarque ton hypocrisie.
« Mdr ! Rassure-toi, elle te le rend bien !»
Le seul moyen de s'abaisser à ton niveau de sophistication !
Le seul moyen de s'abaisser à ton niveau de sophistication !
The People's Elbow : je ne sais pas de quel bout du monde tu es, mais je vois que tu as changé de terrain.
cul cul : mais rien ne t'empêche de remonter à ton niveau de simplisme.
cul cul : mais rien ne t'empêche de remonter à ton niveau de simplisme.
Fuck AF
VIVE LA FRANCE !!!!!!!!!
http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/history/virtual/portrait/delacroix-liberty.jpg
VIVE LA FRANCE !!!!!!!!!
http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/history/virtual/portrait/delacroix-liberty.jpg
Although racism was at odds with the miners´ democratic structures, it was precisely the lack of a controlling governmental democratic framework that provided a perfect breeding ground for nativism and racism. The discrimination was initially based on some foreigners´ economic superiority. South Americans and Mexicans were far more experienced miners and came to California as teams of peones, day laborers who had to pay back their debts and were sent by their creditors to the mines. These peones brought wage labor into the diggings as realms of independent labor and were often entrenched on more productive placers. The word placer is derived from Spanish and means contendedness or satisfaction. Placers are sites, usually in former or actual river beds, which contain gold in pure, grainy consistence. The Mexican experience with mines reached back into the 17th and 18th centuries, and Mexican mining techniques were at a level that the California mines would not achieve for a long time. Californios, persons of Spanish or Mexican descent who were American citizens by the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo beacme victims of racist discrimination after 1848. This indicates that economic jealousy rather than longstanding hatred against Mexicans triggered Anglo Saxon nativism in California. Starting in 1848, Mexicans began to come in larger numbers to California; approximately 8000 arrived, together with 5000 South Americans.
Besides the economic jealousy that was heightened as the returns in mining decreased. It was augmented by strong feelings about the recent war against Mexico, widespread Anglo Saxon anticatholicism, and the imperialist doctrine of Manifest Destiny. All these elements played a major role in the emergence of racism.
Often, Californian resentments against slavery as unfair competition with free labor were played out in campaigns against the peones whose relations to their controlling creditors was identified with the master-slave relation. In 1852, there were about 2000 African Americans in California. Although slavery was outlawed in the state, some of them were slaves who came with their masters and were put to work in the mines. Many others were free blacks or escaped slaves who hoped to earn enough to pay for their families´ freedom back in the South.
The legislative system supported racism. In ignorance of the law, Californian Military Governor John Mason determined that only foreigners who attempted to work in the mines should be treated as trespassers. But indeed, all miners were trespassers since they had no legal right to possess or work on land. This "law" provided the basis for the Foreign Miners Tax that demanded 20 dollars per person per month, an unreasonably high amount for most foreign miners. Their resistance to this discriminatory law caused a wave of violent responses from the Anglo-Saxon side. The foreigners´ resistance was successful, and the tax was lowered to 3 to 4 dollars per month. Despite the prevalent racism, many US citizens, particularly the traders, supported the foreigners by opposing the Foreign Miners Tax, understanding that it was only based on racist prejudices. Nonetheless, the lines between the ethnic groups were harshly drawn and violent encounters became common. Mexicans involved in disturbances and crimes were punished harshly and often faced expulsion from the camp. Even when US citizens were equally involved in the quarrels with foreigners, they did not face similar punishment. Often, thefts committed by Americans were ignored by the court.
Thus, the former democratic representation of all miners in the mining courts had given way to a partisan US American court that discriminated against foreigners, often called greasers. The Mexicans responded to the escalating discrimination with organized crime that led to highly violent acts.
The Chinese were another target of Californian racism. In 1848 there were said to be only 3 Chinese in California, but a year later there were 700. By 1850 the number had grown to 3000, increasing in 1852 to 10,000. First, they did not face any opposition from the Americans, since they did all the work the Americans refused to do for little money. Later on, the Americans feared being driven out by the Chinese who might be used to lower the wages. In meetings, many camps decided to expel the Chinese from the diggings. Where they were allowed to stay, they were forced to work on separate, exhausted soil that only allowed a return of one or two dollars per day per laborer. Since California courts did not allow the Chinese to testify, they organized their own district unions from 1851 onwards, not only to handle disputes but also to take responsibility for the care of the sick and burial of the dead. The main obstacle to the integration of the Chinese into the community of American miners was their wage labor which seemed to contradict the Californian ideology of free labor and was used to combine discrimination against the Chinese with agitation against the evils of capitalism.
The ethnic group most persecuted in California during the gold rush years were Native Americans. They were murdered everywhere in the States, but only on the West Coast did this racial violence bear the traits of organized civilian campaigns. Altough soldiers were usually not involved in these murders and massacres, they sometimes led of groups of miners or companies against the Native Americans. Before the gold rush, Native Americans outnumbered whites by nearly ten to one. By the early 1850s, whites outnumbered Indians by perhaps two to one. In the quarter century between 1845 and 1870, the California Indian population had declined from approximately 150,000 (which was only half the number of Indians before white contact) to 30,000. Between 1848 and 1880, whites killed at least 4,500 Indians. These numbers do not include the Native Americans who were driven away or starved to death. Exploitation of the Indian labor force in mines, destruction of their food supply by hunting and mining, for racial and economic motives were the main reasons for the severe decline of the Indian population.
Due to a labor shortage after the discovery of gold, miners adopted and modified the Spanish and Mexican practice of peonage as a system of forced labor for Native Americans. Although slavery was outlawed, the legislature passed an "Act for the Government and Protection of the Indians" in 1850 to indenture loitering or orphaned Indians, practically enabling Americans to appropriate any Indian for work. Mirroring of the racially based judicial system of the mining camps, this law defined special sentences for a category of Indian crimes. In southern California, this law allowed the continuation and expansion of the peonage system to secure labor supply on the cattle ranches. In northern California, the law modified the peonage system into something close to slavery. Hunted down for labor in the mines, the Native Americans did not receive wages but only food and clothing for their work. Often, the masters kept the food supply so short that the Indians starved. Similar to the Mexican peones and Chinese wage workers, the Indians made white miners economically jealous of the advantage the Indians provided to their masters.
Moreover, the 49ers came to California already imbued with hatred against Indians. In a climate of economic envy and racism the white miners expelled and killed Indian miners. Gold seekers silted the rivers and spoiled the salmon runs through their mining, they diminished the deer population with their hunting, and they burst into the Native Americans´ most distant sanctuaries and hiding places, expropriating Indian land and barring the natives from using it. Particularly in northern California, these intrusions prompted Indians to resist the invaders. As Native Americans reacted with occasional raids in search of subsistence, as well as violence against the miners who devastated their already fragile economic base and coerced them into forced labor, American miners responded with organized racial violence, claiming that the natives endangered white miners and their property, while interfering with white activities. The most severe Indian hunts took place in late fall and winter when Indian needs and miners´ idleness coincided. In the 1850s and 60s whites raided Indian villages and kidnapped their inhabitants to sell them to farmers and ranchers -- peonage had been transformed into slavery. Even after 1863, when the repeal of California´s Indian legislation outlawed slavery, Indian labor for whites did not encourage family and community life since they often lived sexually segregated lives which contributed to the decrease of their population. White attacks, epidemics, forced labor, starvation, and kidnapping had largely destroyed Native American communities.
Besides the economic jealousy that was heightened as the returns in mining decreased. It was augmented by strong feelings about the recent war against Mexico, widespread Anglo Saxon anticatholicism, and the imperialist doctrine of Manifest Destiny. All these elements played a major role in the emergence of racism.
Often, Californian resentments against slavery as unfair competition with free labor were played out in campaigns against the peones whose relations to their controlling creditors was identified with the master-slave relation. In 1852, there were about 2000 African Americans in California. Although slavery was outlawed in the state, some of them were slaves who came with their masters and were put to work in the mines. Many others were free blacks or escaped slaves who hoped to earn enough to pay for their families´ freedom back in the South.
The legislative system supported racism. In ignorance of the law, Californian Military Governor John Mason determined that only foreigners who attempted to work in the mines should be treated as trespassers. But indeed, all miners were trespassers since they had no legal right to possess or work on land. This "law" provided the basis for the Foreign Miners Tax that demanded 20 dollars per person per month, an unreasonably high amount for most foreign miners. Their resistance to this discriminatory law caused a wave of violent responses from the Anglo-Saxon side. The foreigners´ resistance was successful, and the tax was lowered to 3 to 4 dollars per month. Despite the prevalent racism, many US citizens, particularly the traders, supported the foreigners by opposing the Foreign Miners Tax, understanding that it was only based on racist prejudices. Nonetheless, the lines between the ethnic groups were harshly drawn and violent encounters became common. Mexicans involved in disturbances and crimes were punished harshly and often faced expulsion from the camp. Even when US citizens were equally involved in the quarrels with foreigners, they did not face similar punishment. Often, thefts committed by Americans were ignored by the court.
Thus, the former democratic representation of all miners in the mining courts had given way to a partisan US American court that discriminated against foreigners, often called greasers. The Mexicans responded to the escalating discrimination with organized crime that led to highly violent acts.
The Chinese were another target of Californian racism. In 1848 there were said to be only 3 Chinese in California, but a year later there were 700. By 1850 the number had grown to 3000, increasing in 1852 to 10,000. First, they did not face any opposition from the Americans, since they did all the work the Americans refused to do for little money. Later on, the Americans feared being driven out by the Chinese who might be used to lower the wages. In meetings, many camps decided to expel the Chinese from the diggings. Where they were allowed to stay, they were forced to work on separate, exhausted soil that only allowed a return of one or two dollars per day per laborer. Since California courts did not allow the Chinese to testify, they organized their own district unions from 1851 onwards, not only to handle disputes but also to take responsibility for the care of the sick and burial of the dead. The main obstacle to the integration of the Chinese into the community of American miners was their wage labor which seemed to contradict the Californian ideology of free labor and was used to combine discrimination against the Chinese with agitation against the evils of capitalism.
The ethnic group most persecuted in California during the gold rush years were Native Americans. They were murdered everywhere in the States, but only on the West Coast did this racial violence bear the traits of organized civilian campaigns. Altough soldiers were usually not involved in these murders and massacres, they sometimes led of groups of miners or companies against the Native Americans. Before the gold rush, Native Americans outnumbered whites by nearly ten to one. By the early 1850s, whites outnumbered Indians by perhaps two to one. In the quarter century between 1845 and 1870, the California Indian population had declined from approximately 150,000 (which was only half the number of Indians before white contact) to 30,000. Between 1848 and 1880, whites killed at least 4,500 Indians. These numbers do not include the Native Americans who were driven away or starved to death. Exploitation of the Indian labor force in mines, destruction of their food supply by hunting and mining, for racial and economic motives were the main reasons for the severe decline of the Indian population.
Due to a labor shortage after the discovery of gold, miners adopted and modified the Spanish and Mexican practice of peonage as a system of forced labor for Native Americans. Although slavery was outlawed, the legislature passed an "Act for the Government and Protection of the Indians" in 1850 to indenture loitering or orphaned Indians, practically enabling Americans to appropriate any Indian for work. Mirroring of the racially based judicial system of the mining camps, this law defined special sentences for a category of Indian crimes. In southern California, this law allowed the continuation and expansion of the peonage system to secure labor supply on the cattle ranches. In northern California, the law modified the peonage system into something close to slavery. Hunted down for labor in the mines, the Native Americans did not receive wages but only food and clothing for their work. Often, the masters kept the food supply so short that the Indians starved. Similar to the Mexican peones and Chinese wage workers, the Indians made white miners economically jealous of the advantage the Indians provided to their masters.
Moreover, the 49ers came to California already imbued with hatred against Indians. In a climate of economic envy and racism the white miners expelled and killed Indian miners. Gold seekers silted the rivers and spoiled the salmon runs through their mining, they diminished the deer population with their hunting, and they burst into the Native Americans´ most distant sanctuaries and hiding places, expropriating Indian land and barring the natives from using it. Particularly in northern California, these intrusions prompted Indians to resist the invaders. As Native Americans reacted with occasional raids in search of subsistence, as well as violence against the miners who devastated their already fragile economic base and coerced them into forced labor, American miners responded with organized racial violence, claiming that the natives endangered white miners and their property, while interfering with white activities. The most severe Indian hunts took place in late fall and winter when Indian needs and miners´ idleness coincided. In the 1850s and 60s whites raided Indian villages and kidnapped their inhabitants to sell them to farmers and ranchers -- peonage had been transformed into slavery. Even after 1863, when the repeal of California´s Indian legislation outlawed slavery, Indian labor for whites did not encourage family and community life since they often lived sexually segregated lives which contributed to the decrease of their population. White attacks, epidemics, forced labor, starvation, and kidnapping had largely destroyed Native American communities.
cul cul
Le français n'est peut être pas pertinent, mais commence par l'apprendre au lieu e faire des fautes, débile mental.
au fait, c'est cucu et non pas cul cul, pauvre taré.
Le français n'est peut être pas pertinent, mais commence par l'apprendre au lieu e faire des fautes, débile mental.
au fait, c'est cucu et non pas cul cul, pauvre taré.
The people machin chose,
"t les Francais qui ont tenté d'exterminer les Amérindiens au debut "
absolument pas, le commerce entre indiens et français était excellent pour les 2 côtés, aucune raison de d'entretuer. De plus, les frnaçais ne s'établissaient pas dans une région et étaient réputés pour être d'excellent trappeurs, voyageurs.
C'est dans les manuels d'histoires anglo-saxons, alors révise tes cours d'école tête de noeud!
"t les Francais qui ont tenté d'exterminer les Amérindiens au debut "
absolument pas, le commerce entre indiens et français était excellent pour les 2 côtés, aucune raison de d'entretuer. De plus, les frnaçais ne s'établissaient pas dans une région et étaient réputés pour être d'excellent trappeurs, voyageurs.
C'est dans les manuels d'histoires anglo-saxons, alors révise tes cours d'école tête de noeud!
VIVE LE QUEBEC LIBRE IS NOT CRAPPY, MAYBE YOU ARE CRAPPY CANDY BUT NOT THE QUEBEC LIBRE.
VIVE LE QUEBEC LIBRE, LE QUEBEC AUX QUEBECOIS!!! LES SEULS QUI SONT LIBRES DANS CE PAYS DE MERDE, LE CANADA EST UN PAYS DE MERDE!!!
VIVE LE QUEBEC LIBRE, LE QUEBEC AUX QUEBECOIS!!! LES SEULS QUI SONT LIBRES DANS CE PAYS DE MERDE, LE CANADA EST UN PAYS DE MERDE!!!
=>The people machin chose,
"t les Francais qui ont tenté d'exterminer les Amérindiens au debut "
absolument pas, le commerce entre indiens et français était excellent pour les 2 côtés, aucune raison de d'entretuer. De plus, les frnaçais ne s'établissaient pas dans une région et étaient réputés pour être d'excellent trappeurs, voyageurs.
C'est dans les manuels d'histoires anglo-saxons, alors révise tes cours d'école tête de noeud! <=
Ironicly the 1000th post is typical for the entire thread.What a pitty
"t les Francais qui ont tenté d'exterminer les Amérindiens au debut "
absolument pas, le commerce entre indiens et français était excellent pour les 2 côtés, aucune raison de d'entretuer. De plus, les frnaçais ne s'établissaient pas dans une région et étaient réputés pour être d'excellent trappeurs, voyageurs.
C'est dans les manuels d'histoires anglo-saxons, alors révise tes cours d'école tête de noeud! <=
Ironicly the 1000th post is typical for the entire thread.What a pitty
<<MAYBE YOU ARE CRAPPY CANDY BUT NOT THE QUEBEC LIBRE. >>
Well, it has been said before....! :-)
I said the 'thread' was crappy, not the cause. Although when you write sh*t like 'Canada est un pays de merde'.....
Well, it has been said before....! :-)
I said the 'thread' was crappy, not the cause. Although when you write sh*t like 'Canada est un pays de merde'.....